TRUE NORTH COLUMN: Reforming Health Care Will Save Lives

Should we be proud of a health care system where governments are abandoning patients to die? Obviously not. 

The Canadian health care crisis has been steadily getting worse over the past decades. Covid didn’t help the situation, but our country has had a problem with wait times since well before the pandemic. 

New SecondStreet.org research highlights one of the most tragic consequences of a poorly-run health care system – death.

The fifth annual Died on a Waiting List report uncovered data from across the country through freedom of information requests on cases where surgeries and diagnostic scans were canceled due to patients having died. Sadly, it’s no surprise that the numbers have risen once again.

Over 17,000 Canadians died while waiting for surgery or a diagnostic scan in 2022-23. Since many provinces and health bodies didn’t provide complete data, we estimate the true total to be nearly double that figure. These numbers are up substantially – data suggest a 64% increase since 2018.

It’s important to distinguish the two types of deaths on waitlists. First, there are those who die while waiting for procedures that could have saved their lives – things like heart or brain surgery. Second, there are those who die while waiting for scans or surgeries that would have improved their quality of life, like a hip operation.

Critics might be tempted to dismiss the second type of case, but would you like to spend the final years of your life with a bad knee, unable to walk around and play with your grandchildren? Or with cloudy vision from cataracts, unable to even step outside on a bright day without being blinded?

You’d have to be rather dishonest to answer ‘yes.’

Unfortunately, most health bodies do not give enough data to distinguish between these two types of waitlist deaths.

Nova Scotia is a rare exception. The Atlantic province noted that, of the 532 surgical waitlist deaths, 50 were waiting for procedures that could have saved their lives. 

Kudos to them for transparency, but this is still a tragic statistic.

For the first time, Ontario provided data on the number of patients who died waiting for cardiac surgery. Since 2013, there have been 931 patients who died while waiting for heart surgery. Of those, 244 died after waiting longer than the maximum recommended wait time.

To be blunt, this is unacceptable. 

Many Canadians pride themselves on our health care system. But are the tens of thousands of deaths really something to be proud of?

Consider the case of Allison Ducluzeau. As Global News reported, the B.C. woman was diagnosed with cancer last year. She was told by the health system that the chances of her survival were too low, so they wouldn’t treat her. They said she had two years to live, and offered her assisted suicide.

Luckily, Allison was able to travel to the U.S. and get life-saving care. 

But is that really a choice Canadians should have to face? Wait to die, have the government help you commit suicide, or travel to another country? 

Canada has been throwing money at the system for decades and hoping for the better. Over the past 30 years, government spending on health care, per person, has increased at nearly double the rate of inflation. Despite this care has only gotten worse. Governments need to implement major health reforms now. 

For one, allow patients to pay for private care if they so choose. Sweden, Australia, Denmark – basically any other developed country with a universal health system allows this option and has better outcomes than Canada. This approach helps reduce wait times every time a patient decides to pay for private care.

Shaking up the way hospitals are funded could also help. Instead of giving hospitals a large cheque at the beginning of the year and hoping for the best, governments could pay them based on their output. This way, patients aren’t treated as someone the hospital ‘has’ to treat – they’re seen as a customer that results in more government funding once the patient has been treated.

These are a couple of the many potential options that can help fix Canadian health care, but it’s clear that something needs to be done.

Throwing money at the system hasn’t worked. The families of loved ones who died will tell you that.

Dom Lucyk is the Communications Director with SecondStreet.org, a Canadian think tank.

This column was originally published in True North on December 10, 2023.

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Prevention – reduce demand in the first place

If Canadians lived healthier lives, we could reduce demand for emergency services, orthopaedic surgeries, primary care and more. 

For instance, if you visit the Canadian Cancer Society’s website, you’ll read that “about four in ten” cancer cases are preventable. The Heart and Stroke Foundation notes that “almost 80 percent of premature heart disease and stroke can be prevented through healthy behaviours.” A similar number of Diabetes cases are also preventable. 

Many joint replacements and visits to ERs and walk-in clinics could also be avoided through healthy living. 

To be sure, not all health problems can be avoided through healthy living – everyday the system treats Canadians with genetic conditions, helps those injured in unavoidable accidents and more.  

But there is an opportunity to reduce pressure on the health care system through Canadians shifting to healthier lifestyles – better diets, more exercise, etc. 

To learn more, watch our Health Reform Now documentary (scroll up) or see this column. 

Partner with non-profits and for-profit clinics

European countries will partner with anyone who can help patients. 

It doesn’t matter if it’s a non-profit, a government entity or a private clinic. What matters is that patients receive quality treatment, in a timely manner and for a competitive price.  

In Canada, governments often delivery services using government-run hospitals instead of seeing if non-profit or private clinics could deliver the services more effectively. 

When governments have partnered with non-profit and private clinics, the results have often been quite good – Saskatchewan, Ontario and British Columbia are just a few examples of where partnerships have worked well. 

Canada should pursue more of these partnerships to reduce wait times and increase the volume of services provided to patients.  

To learn more, watch our Health Reform Now documentary (scroll up) or see the links above. 

Make cross border care more accessible

In Canada, citizens pay high taxes each year and we’re promised universal health care services in return. The problem is, wait times are often extremely long in our health system – sometimes patients have to wait years to see a specialist or receive surgery. 

If patients don’t want to wait long periods, they often have to reach into their own pocket and pay for treatment outside the province or country. 

Throughout the European Union, we also find universal health care systems. But a key difference is that EU patients have the right to go to other EU countries, pay for surgery and then be reimbursed by their home government. Reimbursements cover up to what the patient’s home government would have spent to provide the treatment locally. 

If Canada copied this approach, a patient waiting a year to get their hip operation could instead receive treatment next week in one of thousands of surgical clinics throughout the developed world. 

Governments benefit too as the patient is now back on their feet and avoiding complications that sometimes come with long wait times – meaning the government doesn’t have to treat those complications on top of the initial health problem. 

To learn more, watch our Health Reform Now documentary (scroll up) or this shorter video. 

Legalize access to non-government providers

Canada is the only country in the world that puts up barriers, or outright bans patients from paying for health services locally. 

For instance, a patient in Toronto cannot pay for a hip operation at a private clinic in Toronto. Their only option is to wait for the government to eventually provide treatment or leave the province and pay elsewhere. 

Countries with better-performing universal health care systems do not have such bans. They allow patients a choice – use the public system or pay privately for treatment. Sweden, France, Australia and more – they all allow choice. 

Why? One reason is that allowing choice means some patients will decide to pay privately. This takes pressure off the public system. For instance, in Sweden, 87% of patients use the public system, but 13% purchase private health insurance. 

Ultimately, more choice improves access for patients. 

To learn more, watch our Health Reform Now documentary (scroll up) or watch this short clip on this topic. 

Shift to funding services for patients, not bureaucracies

In Canada, most hospitals receive a cheque from the government each year and are then asked to do their best to help patients. This approach is known as “block funding”. 

Under this model, a patient walking in the door represents a drain on the hospital’s budget. Over the course of a year, hospital administrators have to make sure the budget stretches out so services are rationed. This is why you might have to wait until next year or the year after for a hip operation, knee operation, etc. 

In better-performing universal health systems, they take the opposite approach – hospitals receive money from the government each time they help a patient. If a hospital completes a knee operation, it might receive, say, $10,000. If it completes a knee operation on another patient, it receives another $10,000. 

This model incentivizes hospitals to help more patients – to help more patients with knee operations, cataract surgery, etc. This approach also incentivizes hospitals to spend money on expenses that help patients (e.g. more doctors, nurses, equipment, etc.) rather than using the money on expenses that don’t help patients (e.g. more admin staff). 

To learn more about this policy option, please watch our Health Reform Now documentary (scroll up) or see this post by MEI.